英文 - 考试分类 - 正風學習中心

What happens if you don't drink water?

Vocabulary1.  hydrationo Definition: The process of providing the body with enough water or other liquids to keep it healthy, or the state of having enough water in the body.o Sentence: Maintaining proper hydration is essential for the normal operation of all human organs, especially the brain and kidneys.2.  dehydrationo Definition: The state of not having enough water in the body, which causes unhealthy conditions like tiredness and dry skin.o Sentence: If you don’t drink water for hours in a hot environment, dehydration will quickly set in and affect your cognitive ability.3.  hyponatremiao Definition: A medical condition in which the level of sodium in the blood is too low, usually caused by drinking too much water in a short time.o Definition: A medical condition where the concentration of sodium in the blood is abnormally low, often resulting from excessive fluid intake.o Sentence: Some athletes suffer from hyponatremia because they drink too much water without replenishing electrolytes during intense exercise.4.  electrolyteo Definition: A substance (such as sodium or potassium) that carries an electric charge and is essential for the normal function of cells and organs in the body.o Sentence: When you sweat a lot, your body loses not only water but also important electrolytes that need to be replenished in time.5.  hypothalamuso Definition: A small part in the brain that controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, and the release of many hormones.o Sentence: The hypothalamus detects the body’s water level and sends signals to make us feel thirsty when we are dehydrated.6.  hormoneo Definition: A chemical substance produced by a gland in the body that travels in the blood and controls the activity of certain cells or organs.o Sentence: The body secretes a special hormone to help the kidneys absorb and retain water when the body is short of water.7.  antidiuretico Definition: A substance or hormone that reduces the amount of urine produced by the kidneys and helps the body keep water.o Sentence: The antidiuretic hormone released by the brain plays a key role in preventing the body from losing too much water.8.  kidneyo Definition: Either of the two small organs in the body that filter waste products from the blood and produce urine.o Definition: One of the two bean-shaped organs in the body that filter blood to remove waste and produce urine, regulating fluid balance.o Sentence: The kidney creates special channels to absorb more water when the body is in a state of mild dehydration.9.  aquaporino Definition: A type of protein in the cell membrane that forms a channel for water molecules to pass through, controlling water movement in cells.o Sentence: The aquaporin in kidney cells allows blood to absorb and retain more water to maintain the body’s fluid balance.10.  cognitiveo Definition: Relating to the mental processes of understanding, learning, remembering, and thinking.o Sentence: Severe dehydration can cause cognitive impairment, making it hard for people to focus and make simple decisions.11.  impairmento Definition: The state of being weakened or damaged, especially in a physical or mental ability.o Sentence: Long-term dehydration may lead to permanent impairment of some organ functions if not corrected in time.12.  lubricateo Definition: To make a part of the body or a machine smooth so that it moves easily, usually by adding a liquid or substance.o Sentence: Water helps to lubricate the joints in the human body, reducing friction when we walk or exercise.13.  buffero Definition: To keep a substance or condition in the body stable and prevent sudden or extreme changes.o Sentence: Water in the body can buffer sudden changes in body temperature and maintain a stable internal environment.14.  nutriento Definition: A substance in food or drink that helps living things grow, stay healthy, and work properly.o Sentence: Fruits and vegetables not only provide water but also rich nutrients and fiber for the human body.15.  fibero Definition: A substance in plants that cannot be digested by humans, helping food move through the intestines and keeping the digestive system healthy.o Sentence: Cucumbers and broccoli contain a lot of water and fiber, which are both good for digestion and hydration.16.  strokeo Definition: A serious medical condition when the blood supply to part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing brain damage.o Definition: A serious medical emergency caused by a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, leading to loss of brain function.o Sentence: Studies show that proper hydration can lower the risk of having a stroke in middle-aged and elderly people.17.  diabeteso Definition: A chronic medical condition where the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood, usually divided into Type 1 and Type 2.o Sentence: Good hydration habits can help people with diabetes better manage their blood sugar levels and reduce complications.18.  swello Definition: To become larger or rounder than normal, usually because of being filled with liquid or air.o Definition: (of cells or body parts) to become larger due to an excessive accumulation of fluid inside.o Sentence: Severe hyponatremia causes sodium dilution in the blood, making body cells swell and even leading to life-threatening conditions.19.  seizureo Definition: A sudden uncontrolled movement or change in consciousness caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.o Sentence: In extreme cases, water intoxication can trigger a seizure because the swollen brain presses on the skull and disturbs nerve activity.20.  consensuso Definition: A general agreement among a group of people about a particular subject or issue.o Sentence: There is a consensus among scientists that the daily water intake of humans depends on their weight, environment and physical activity.

2026-02-09 困难

How does food affect your brain?

Vocabulary1. nutriento Definition: A substance that provides nourishment essential for the growth and maintenance of life.o Sentence: Every nutrient in food plays a unique role in keeping the human brain healthy and functional.2. lipido Definition: Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives, insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, including fats, oils and waxes.o Sentence: A large part of the dehydrated brain's weight comes from lipids, which are also known as fats in daily life.3. proteino Definition: A large molecule composed of one or more long chains of amino acid residues, essential for the structure and function of all living cells.o Sentence: Protein and amino acids are key components found in the remaining material of the human brain besides lipids.4. amino acido Definition: Simple organic compounds containing both a carboxyl and an amino group, the building blocks of proteins.o Sentence: Amino acids contain precursors of neurotransmitters that transmit signals between neurons in the brain.5. micronutriento Definition: A chemical element or substance required in trace amounts for the normal growth and development of a living organism.o Sentence: The brain benefits from a steady supply of micronutrients just like other organs in the human body.6. glucoseo Definition: A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.o Sentence: The human brain consumes a lot of energy, and most of this energy comes from glucose decomposed from carbohydrates.7. fatty acido Definition: A carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group, especially those occurring in fats and oils.o Sentence: Omega-3 and Omega-6 are essential fatty acids that the human body cannot synthesize and must be obtained from food.8. degenerativeo Definition: (Of a disease or condition) tending to worsen progressively over time.o Sentence: Eating foods rich in Omega-3 is associated with preventing degenerative brain diseases in the elderly.9. cell membraneo Definition: A thin semipermeable membrane layer of lipids and proteins surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.o Sentence: Essential fatty acids are crucial for the formation and maintenance of the brain's cell membrane.10. trans fato Definition: An unsaturated fat formed artificially by hydrogenating vegetable oil, which is harmful to human health.o Sentence: Long-term intake of trans fat will damage brain health and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.11. saturated fato Definition: A type of fat containing a high proportion of fatty acid molecules without double bonds, usually solid at room temperature.o Sentence: Red meat and dairy products contain a certain amount of saturated fat, which should be eaten in moderation.12. neurotransmittero Definition: A chemical substance released by nerve fibers that transmits nerve impulses between neurons, muscle fibers or other structures.o Sentence: Neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin directly affect people's mood and attention.13. neurono Definition: A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.o Sentence: Neurons are the basic structural and functional units of the nervous system, including the brain.14. antioxidanto Definition: A substance that inhibits oxidation, especially one used to counteract the deterioration of stored food products or to prevent oxidative stress in living organisms.o Sentence: Antioxidants in fruits and vegetables can help the brain resist free radicals that damage brain cells.15. free radicalo Definition: An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron, highly reactive and capable of damaging biological cells and tissues.o Sentence: Excessive free radicals in the brain will destroy brain cells and affect normal brain function.16. cognitiveo Definition: Relating to the mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning, etc.o Sentence: Trace minerals such as iron and zinc are the foundation of early cognitive development of the human brain.17. synthesizeo Definition: Combine (a number of things) into a coherent whole; make (a substance) by chemical synthesis.o Sentence: The brain needs a lot of energy to synthesize valuable nutrients into substances needed for its own operation.18. carbohydrateo Definition: A large class of organic compounds including sugars, starches and cellulose, which are the main source of human energy.o Sentence: Carbohydrates are digested by the body into glucose to provide energy for the brain's activities.19. glycemico Definition: Relating to or indicating the concentration of glucose in the blood.o Sentence: Glycemic foods like white bread will cause a rapid rise and fall of blood glucose, affecting people's attention.20. metabolismo Definition: The set of chemical processes that occur in a living organism to maintain life, including energy conversion and substance synthesis and decomposition.o Sentence: A balanced diet can improve the body's metabolism and ensure the brain gets a steady supply of energy.

2026-02-09 困难

How do sugary foods affect your brain?

Vocabulary1. carbohydrateo Definition: A type of organic compound that provides energy to the body, including sugars, starches and fibers.o Sentence: Sugar is a general term for a class of carbohydrate molecules that exist in various foods and drinks.2. moleculeo Definition: The smallest unit of a substance that has all the chemical properties of that substance, made up of atoms.o Sentence: Glucose and fructose are simple molecule forms of sugar in daily food.3. receptoro Definition: A special structure on a cell or organ that can receive signals or substances from the outside and produce a response.o Sentence: The sugar in the cereal activates the sweet receptor on the taste buds of the tongue and sends signals to the brain.4. taste budo Definition: A small structure on the tongue and in the mouth that can detect different tastes such as sweet, sour, bitter and salty.o Sentence: The sweet taste bud on the tongue is very sensitive to the sugar in desserts and candies.5. brainstemo Definition: The part of the brain that connects the brain and the spinal cord, controlling basic life functions like breathing and heartbeat.o Sentence: The signals from sweet receptors are first sent to the brainstem and then transmitted to other brain areas.6. forebraino Definition: The front and largest part of the brain, responsible for thinking, memory, taste and other advanced cognitive functions.o Sentence: The signals of sweet taste from the brainstem branch out to many areas of the forebrain for further processing.7. cerebral cortexo Definition: The outer layer of the cerebrum, the most complex part of the brain, in charge of processing sensory information and voluntary movements.o Sentence: The cerebral cortex processes different tastes including sweet, bitter and salty that we perceive.8. pathwayo Definition: A route that signals, substances or information travel along in the body or brain.o Sentence: The reward system of the brain consists of a series of electrical and chemical pathway in different brain regions.9. subconsciouso Definition: Existing in the part of the mind that a person is not aware of, but still affects their thoughts and behaviors.o Sentence: The brain's reward system helps answer a subconscious question: should I do this thing again?10. neurotransmittero Definition: A chemical substance that transmits nerve signals between neurons in the nervous system.o Sentence: Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that regulates the brain's reward and pleasure responses.11. dopamineo Definition: A type of neurotransmitter in the brain that is related to feelings of pleasure, reward and motivation.o Sentence: Eating sugary food can cause the release of dopamine, making people feel happy and satisfied.12. clustero Definition: A small group of similar things or parts that are close together.o Sentence: Certain areas of the forebrain contain dense cluster of dopamine receptors, forming the core of the reward system.13. nicotineo Definition: A poisonous chemical substance found in tobacco, which can make people addicted and affect the nervous system.o Sentence: Like sugar, nicotine can speed up dopamine release and lead to addictive behaviors in some people.14. induceo Definition: To cause or produce a particular feeling, reaction or effect in someone or something.o Sentence: Broccoli is a kind of food that cannot induce dopamine release, so it is less attractive to children than sweet food.15. surgeo Definition: A sudden large increase in something such as a feeling, a substance or a number.o Sentence: Eating a balanced meal will make dopamine levels surge in the hotspots of the brain's reward system at first.16. level offo Definition: To stop increasing or decreasing and stay at a steady level.o Sentence: If you eat the same balanced meal for days, dopamine levels will drop and finally level off.17. evolveo Definition: To develop gradually over a long period of time, especially as a result of natural selection.o Sentence: The human brain has evolved to pay special attention to new or different tastes in food for survival needs.18. nutriento Definition: A substance in food that helps living things grow, stay healthy and give energy.o Sentence: A more diverse diet makes us more likely to get all the nutrient we need to keep our body healthy.19. unstableo Definition: Not steady or constant, changing suddenly or easily.o Sentence: Eating too much sugar will make the dopamine response unstable and keep people craving for sweet food.20. domino effecto Definition: A situation where one event causes a series of similar events to happen one after another.o Sentence: Every time we eat sugar, it triggers a domino effect in the brain and often brings a feeling of reward.

2026-02-09 困难

The benefits of daydreaming

Vocabulary1.  daydreaming·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The act of thinking about pleasant things that are not real or not happening now, often while you are supposed to be doing something else.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: People spend one-third to half of their waking hours on daydreaming, which is not a waste of time as many think.2.  evolution·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The process by which living things change and develop over millions of years, often becoming more complex and better adapted to their environment.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Scientists believe that if daydreaming were useless, humans would not have evolved to do it so frequently, which shows the importance of evolution in shaping human behaviors.3.  brain imaging technology·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A set of techniques used by scientists to create images of the brain's structure or activity, such as showing blood flow and energy consumption in different brain regions.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Brain imaging technology helps researchers observe which parts of the brain are active when people are working, thinking, or daydreaming.4.  blood flow·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The movement of blood through the blood vessels of the body, which is essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: When a specific brain region is active, brain imaging technology can detect an increase in blood flow to that area, indicating its involvement in the current mental activity.5.  energy consumption·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The amount of energy used by an organism, cell, or specific organ (like the brain) to carry out its normal functions.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The increase in energy consumption in certain brain regions, as shown by brain imaging, proves that those regions are working actively during daydreaming.6.  executive network·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A network of brain regions that work together to control and coordinate complex cognitive processes, such as focused attention, logical thinking, and goal - directed behavior.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: When people are engaged in a specific task, the executive network in the brain becomes active to help them stay focused and complete the task efficiently.7.  default mode network·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A network of brain regions that is active when the brain is at rest (not focused on a specific external task), and it is involved in activities like recalling memories, thinking about the future, and daydreaming.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: When people start to zone out and daydream, the default mode network in the brain is activated, replacing the previously active executive network.8.  mind wandering·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The phenomenon where a person's attention drifts away from the current task or external environment to thoughts that are unrelated, such as memories, plans, or daydreams.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Mind wandering can sometimes lead to unproductive or painful thoughts, but it can also bring about positive ideas and emotions.9.  rumination·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The act of thinking repeatedly about negative events, feelings, or problems from the past, often in a way that is unhelpful and makes one feel more anxious or depressed.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: One form of mind wandering is rumination, like constantly thinking about a past argument and feeling upset about it over and over again.10.  spontaneous thoughts·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Thoughts that arise naturally and without conscious effort or direction, often during periods of mind wandering or daydreaming.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The default mode network in the brain plays an important role in generating spontaneous thoughts, which are a key part of the free - flowing thinking during daydreaming.11.  creative thinking·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The ability to generate new, original, and useful ideas or solutions by combining different thoughts, perspectives, and knowledge in a unique way.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: A large number of imaging studies have shown that the synchronized work of the executive network and the default mode network is a key condition for creative thinking.12.  prefrontal cortex·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The part of the cerebral cortex located at the front of the brain, which is responsible for higher - order cognitive functions such as decision - making, planning, self - control, and executive function.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: In teenagers, the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions related to executive function are still developing, but they can still think about their problems and goals effectively.13.  executive function·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A set of mental skills that include planning, organizing, problem - solving, focusing attention, controlling impulses, and managing time, which are mainly controlled by the prefrontal cortex.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Although teenagers' executive function is still developing, giving them space to think independently helps them better handle their daily problems and future goals.14.  cognitive processes·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The various mental activities that the brain performs to acquire, process, store, and use information, such as perception, attention, memory, thinking, and problem - solving.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Both the executive network and the default mode network are involved in different cognitive processes, and their cooperation is crucial for normal mental activities.15.  neutral daily matters·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Ordinary, common things or tasks in daily life that do not evoke strong positive or negative emotions, such as planning what to do for the rest of the afternoon.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Mind wandering is not always about emotional things; it can also be about neutral daily matters, like thinking about how to arrange the evening's dinner.16.  free - moving domain·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A state of thinking where thoughts are not restricted or guided by conscious effort, and they can flow freely and jump between different related or unrelated ideas.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The really interesting part of mind wandering is when it enters the free - moving domain, allowing people to have unexpected and creative thoughts.17.  goal - setting·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The process of defining specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time - bound (SMART) goals, and then making plans to achieve them.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Daydreaming can help people with goal - setting by enabling them to imagine different ways to achieve their goals and visualize the possible outcomes.18.  social navigation·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The ability to understand and adapt to social situations, interact effectively with others, and build and maintain healthy relationships.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Evidence shows that daydreaming is beneficial for social navigation, as it allows people to think about how to behave in different social interactions.19.  logical thinking·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A type of thinking that follows rules of logic, such as deduction, induction, and reasoning, to analyze problems, evaluate information, and draw valid conclusions.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The executive network in the brain is responsible for logical thinking, which helps people select and develop the best ideas from the spontaneous thoughts generated during daydreaming.20.  adolescence·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The period of life between childhood and adulthood, usually starting around the age of 10 or 11 and ending in the late teens or early twenties, during which significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes occur.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Friendships formed during adolescence are particularly special, and this is supported by scientific evidence related to brain development and social cognition.

2026-02-09 困难

The Reign of the Termite Queen

Vocabulary1. pheromoneo Definition: A chemical produced by an animal that influences the behavior of other animals of the same kind.o Sentence: The termite queen releases a special pheromone to attract a mate and control the colony.2. stumpo Definition: The short part of a tree or plant that remains in the ground after the main part is cut down or broken off.o Sentence: The young termites rushed into a rotten tree stump to build their first home safely.3. sterileo Definition: Not able to produce young or offspring; without the ability to reproduce.o Sentence: Most worker termites are sterile and spend their whole lives serving the colony.4. debriso Definition: Pieces of something that has been broken or destroyed; small scattered parts of a material.o Sentence: Termites collect and break down plant debris to get nutrients and feed the colony.5. nutriento Definition: A substance that plants, animals, and people need to live and grow.o Sentence: Termites return important nutrients to the soil when they decompose dead wood and plants.6. vegetationo Definition: Plants in general, especially the plants that grow in a particular area.o Sentence: The rich soil helps more vegetation grow well around the termite colony.7. chambero Definition: A separate room or space, especially one that is small or used for a particular purpose.o Sentence: Worker termites expand the central chamber of the colony to make room for the royal family.8. groomo Definition: To clean the body of another animal, especially as a social activity among animals.o Sentence: Worker termites groom the queen and baby termites every day to keep them clean and healthy.9. hatcho Definition: When a young animal comes out of an egg; to break out of an egg and be born.o Sentence: It takes a few weeks for termite eggs to hatch into small, helpless nymphs.10. salivao Definition: The clear liquid produced in the mouth that helps with eating and digesting food.o Sentence: Worker termites use their saliva to process wood and feed it to the young termites.11. abdomeno Definition: The lower part of an animal's body, below the chest or thorax, where organs such as the stomach are.o Sentence: The termite queen’s abdomen becomes very large as it develops a powerful egg-laying system.12. deposito Definition: To put something down in a particular place, especially in a neat or careful way.o Sentence: Worker termites deposit the queen’s eggs in neat piles and take care of them until they hatch.13. terraino Definition: The physical features of an area of land, such as its hills, valleys, or soil.o Sentence: The termites built a tunnel system that stretches over 100 meters across the rough terrain.14. canopyo Definition: The upper layer of leaves and branches formed by tall trees in a forest.o Definition: The termite tunnels even extend from the ground up into the forest canopy to find food.15. ventilationo Definition: The movement of fresh air into a space and stale air out of it; the system that makes this happen.o Sentence: The huge termite nest has small holes for ventilation to keep the inside cool and fresh.16. reinforceo Definition: To make something stronger, especially by adding more material or support to it.o Sentence: Worker termites reinforce the royal cell with thick walls to protect the queen from danger.17. anteatero Definition: A mammal with a long snout and tongue that eats ants and termites as its main food.o Sentence: An anteater found the termite nest and tried to break it open to eat the termites inside.18. sprayo Definition: To force a liquid or small drops of a substance out of a small opening with force.o Sentence: Soldier termites spray a sticky liquid from their heads to attack the anteater and protect the nest.19. mucuso Definition: A thick, sticky liquid produced in the bodies of animals to protect soft parts and trap dirt or enemies.o Sentence: The anteater had to wipe the mucus from the termites off its tongue and stop attacking the nest.20. colonizeo Definition: To form a new colony in a new place; to live and reproduce in a new area as a group.o Definition: Young reproductive termites fly away to colonize new places and start their own termite colonies.

2026-02-09 困难

The history of zombies

Vocabulary1.  Etymology·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The study of the origin and history of words, including how their meanings and forms have changed over time.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The exact etymology of the word "zombie" remains unclear, but there are several possible sources from African languages.2.  Ancestor·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A person from whom one is descended, especially someone who lived a long time ago; a forefather.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: In Congo language, "zombie" can refer to an ancestor with superhuman abilities, which reflects the local cultural respect for ancestors.3.  Colonial·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Relating to a colony or colonies; belonging to or characteristic of a country that rules over other countries or territories.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The colonial authorities in the Caribbean forced the enslaved African people to adapt to Catholic traditions.4.  Voodoo·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A religion practiced mainly in Haiti, combining elements of traditional African religions and Catholicism, often associated with rituals and beliefs about spirits.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: According to some Voodoo beliefs, a wizard named Abboko can capture a corpse and turn it into a soulless zombie.5.  Wizard·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A man who is believed to have magical powers, especially in stories or certain religious traditions; a sorcerer.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: In Haitian Voodoo folklore, a wizard can control zombies to work as laborers without the need for food or rest.6.  Enslavement·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The act of making someone a slave; the state of being a slave, deprived of freedom and forced to work for others.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Zombiefication seems to represent the horror of enslavement that many Haitians experienced, even beyond death.7.  Eternity·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Infinite or unending time; a state of being that lasts forever, especially after death.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Zombies are deprived of an afterlife and trapped in eternal subjugation, which is considered the worst fate in Haitian culture.8.  Subjugation·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The act of bringing someone or something under control, especially by force; the state of being dominated or oppressed.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The concept of zombies in Haitian culture symbolizes the eternal subjugation that even death cannot free one from.9.  Occupation·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The control of a country or territory by a foreign military force; the period during which this control lasts.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: After the U.S. occupation of Haiti began in 1915, zombie stories were spread through Western popular culture with racist biases.10. Racist·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Relating to or characterized by racism, the belief that one race is superior to others and the discrimination based on this belief.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: During the U.S. occupation of Haiti, citizens spread many racist beliefs about Haitian Black people, including false reports of devil worship.11.  Carnivorous·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Feeding on meat; relating to animals or creatures that eat meat.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: In the 1968 film Night of the Living Dead, the slow-moving carnivorous monsters were later recognized by audiences as zombies.12.  Infectious·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Capable of being passed from one person, animal, or organism to another; able to spread a disease or condition.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: In later zombie iterations like 28 Days Later, zombification became an infectious phenomenon that spreads rapidly among people.13.  Iteration·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A new version of something that has been improved or modified; a repetition of a process or idea with changes.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: In many later iterations of zombie films, there are no wizards controlling zombies—they are simply terrifying monsters.14.  Erase·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: To remove or wipe out something, such as a memory, record, or origin; to make something no longer exist or be visible.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: American popular culture initially erased the origin of zombies, stripping away their original meaning and turning victims into monsters.15.  Cannibalize·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: To take parts or elements from something in order to use them in another context, often losing the original value; (literally) to eat the flesh of one's own kind.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Western popular culture cannibalized the original meaning of zombies, transforming their symbolic significance of enslavement into a horror trope.16.  Folklore·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The traditional stories, beliefs, customs, and legends of a people or community, passed down orally from generation to generation.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Haitian folklore about zombies is deeply rooted in the trauma of enslavement and the blending of African and Catholic beliefs.17.  Trope·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A common or recurring theme, motif, or device in literature, film, or art; a conventional idea or image.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The "victimized white woman" became a common trope in American zombie films in the decades after White Zombie was released.18.  Sorcery·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The use of magic, especially black magic; the practice of wizardry or witchcraft to control spirits or events.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: False reports of sorcery and human sacrifice about Haitian Voodoo were spread during the U.S. occupation to justify racist views.19.  Procedure·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A series of steps followed in order to do something, especially in medicine or science.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: In some Voodoo-related folklore, there is a specific procedure that a wizard must follow to capture a corpse and turn it into a zombie.20.  Trauma·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A deeply distressing or disturbing experience that has a long-lasting psychological or emotional impact; a painful event or memory.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The concept of zombies in Haitian culture is closely linked to the trauma of enslavement, representing an unescapable form of oppression.

2026-02-09 困难

The myth of Zeus's trials

Vocabulary1.   mythologyo Definition: A collection of myths, especially the ones from a particular country or culture.o Sentence: Greek mythology includes many stories about gods like Zeus and their tests for humans. 2.  ordealo Definition: A very difficult or painful experience that someone has to go through.o Sentence: The hero faced a terrible ordeal set by Zeus to prove his courage. 3.   divineo Definition: Relating to a god or goddess; having qualities that seem like those of a god.o Sentence: Zeus has divine power that can control the sky and thunder. 4.   mortalityo Definition: The state of being human and having to die, not living forever like a god.o Sentence: Zeus often tested humans to remind them of their mortality. 5.   virtueo Definition: A good moral quality in a person, such as honesty or kindness.o Sentence: Zeus’s tests were meant to check if humans had true virtue in their hearts. 6.   triumpho Definition: A great success, especially after a lot of effort or difficulty.o Sentence: The young man’s triumph over the test made Zeus respect human strength. 7.   calamityo Definition: A sudden and serious event that causes great harm or damage.o Sentence: Zeus would send a calamity to humans if they failed to pass his tests. 8.   pietyo Definition: The quality of being religious and showing respect to gods or god.o Sentence: Piety to the gods was the first thing Zeus looked for in his human tests. 9.   fateo Definition: The power that some people believe controls what happens to you in life, which you cannot change.o Sentence: Many characters in Greek myths thought their fate was decided by Zeus and other gods. 10.  hubriso Definition: Too much pride in yourself, which often makes you disrespect the gods.o Sentence: Zeus punished humans for hubris because he hated people who thought they were as great as gods. 11.   prophecyo Definition: A statement saying what will happen in the future, usually made by someone with special power.o Sentence: A prophecy said only the bravest human could pass Zeus’s hardest test. 12.   penanceo Definition: Something that you do to show you are sorry for doing something wrong, especially to the gods.o Sentence: The man did a long penance to ask Zeus for forgiveness after failing the test. 13.  celestialo Definition: Relating to the sky or the gods who live in the sky.o Sentence: Zeus’s celestial palace was high above the clouds, far from human world. 14.   fortitudeo Definition: The courage to keep going when you are facing great difficulty or pain.o Sentence: It took great fortitude for the woman to finish Zeus’s test in the cold mountain. 15.   transgressiono Definition: An act that breaks a rule or shows disrespect to someone important, like a god.o Sentence: Zeus never forgave a transgression that challenged his authority over humans and gods. 16.   benevolenceo Definition: The quality of being kind and wanting to help other people.o Sentence: Sometimes Zeus showed benevolence and gave humans a second chance at his tests. 17.   perilo Definition: Great danger that someone or something is in.o Sentence: Every step of the test was full of peril, but the hero never gave up. 18.   legacyo Definition: Something that is left or passed down from the past, especially stories or beliefs.o Sentence: The stories of Zeus’s tests became an important legacy in Greek culture. 19.  sacrificeo Definition: Something that you give up, often something important, for a good reason or for the gods.o Sentence: The human made a small sacrifice to Zeus before starting the difficult test. 20.   omnisciento Definition: Knowing everything that has happened, is happening and will happen.o Sentence: Zeus is omniscient—he always knows if humans are honest in his tests.

2026-02-09 困难

Should you care about your parents' thoughts?

Vocabulary1. reactanceo Definition: A strong feeling of wanting to do the opposite when your freedom of choice is limited.o Sentence: His reactance made him date the girl even more after his parents said no.2. motivationalo Definition: Making someone want to act or try harder to do something.o Sentence: The coach’s words had a motivational impact on the team before the game.3. persistento Definition: Continuing for a long time and not easy to stop or change.o Sentence: She has a persistent wish to travel alone despite her family’s worries.4. frustrationo Definition: The unhappy feeling when you can’t do or get what you want.o Sentence: He let out his frustration by slamming the door after arguing with his parents.5. authoritariano Definition: Trying to control others completely and not letting them make their own choices.o Sentence: People often reject authoritarian rules that limit their personal freedom.6. temptationo Definition: A strong desire to do or have something you know you probably shouldn’t.o Sentence: The temptation to check his phone was too strong while he was studying.7. oppositiono Definition: The act of disagreeing with or trying to stop someone or something.o Sentence: The plan faced strong opposition from the local community for environmental reasons.8. strengtheno Definition: To make something stronger, or to become stronger itself.o Sentence: Regular communication can strengthen the bond between family members.9. collapseo Definition: To fail suddenly and completely, or to break down emotionally.o Sentence: Their long-term relationship started to collapse after constant family arguments.10. commitmento Definition: A strong promise or loyalty to a person, idea, or action.o Sentence: Her commitment to her career made her move to another city for a better job.11. steadyo Definition: Changing or developing slowly and regularly, with no sudden breaks.o Sentence: Their love grew at a steady pace even through small disagreements.12. forbiddeno Definition: Not allowed, especially by a rule, law, or someone in authority.o Sentence: That old castle has a forbidden room that no one is allowed to enter.13. subsequento Definition: Happening or coming after something else in time or order.o Sentence: Subsequent studies proved that the early research conclusion was not accurate.14. predicto Definition: To say what will happen in the future based on information or experience.o Definition: No one can predict exactly how a relationship will develop over the years.o Sentence: Experts can predict the success of a project by analyzing its preparation work.15. disapprovalo Definition: The feeling of not liking or agreeing with someone or something.o Sentence: She could see her mother’s disapproval in her facial expression when she mentioned the plan.16. passiveo Definition: Not taking active action, or not showing obvious feelings or interest.o Sentence: He showed his passive disagreement by staying silent during the whole discussion.17. impulsiveo Definition: Doing things suddenly without thinking carefully about the results.o Sentence: She made an impulsive decision to quit her job and travel the world.18. defianto Definition: Refusing to obey someone or accept a rule, and showing this clearly.o Sentence: The defiant student kept talking in class even after the teacher warned him twice.19. elucidateo Definition: To explain something clearly and make it easy for others to understand.o Sentence: The professor used simple examples to elucidate the complex psychological theory.20. buffero Definition: To protect someone or something from harm or bad effects.o Sentence: Good friends can buffer the sadness you feel when facing family disapproval.

2026-02-09 困难

These animals are also plants.

Vocabulary1. resistanceo<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The ability of something to stop another thing from working well.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Bacteria resistance could ruin the helpful effects of some important drugs.2. profitableo<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Able to make a lot of money. maneuvero<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> o Definition: To move or turn in a careful and controlled way to avoid danger.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> o Sentence: The mobile ocean base can maneuver freely to escape extreme weather and space risks.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: At first, developing new drugs was a very successful and profitable business for companies.3. prescriptiono<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A written note from a doctor that lets you get a certain medicine.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The stricter check of drug prescriptions helped reduce the overuse of some treatments.4. scrutinyo<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Careful and thorough examination.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The increased scrutiny of how drugs are prescribed has made their use more reasonable.5. enterpriseo<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A project or business activity that people do to make money.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Discovering new drugs was once a highly rewarding enterprise for pharmaceutical firms.6. genetico<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Related to the information in cells that decides what living things are like.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Bacteria can share genetic information to become stronger against drugs.7. evolvedo<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Changed slowly over a long time to adapt to the environment.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Small organisms have evolved for millions of years to survive in competitive places.8. survivalo<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The state of continuing to live or exist, especially in difficult conditions.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Some small organisms produce special compounds to gain a survival advantage over others.9. inhibito<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: To slow down or stop something from happening or developing.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: We can use special substances to inhibit the ability of bacteria to resist drugs.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Scientists are trying to find molecules that can inhibit bacteria’s resistance to treatments.10. degradeo<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: To break something down into smaller parts, making it less effective.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Bacteria use certain proteins to degrade drugs and avoid being harmed by them.11. promisingo<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Showing signs of being successful or effective in the future.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Using certain viruses to fight bacteria is a promising new way to deal with infections.12. essentialo<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Completely necessary; extremely important.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Controlling the use of existing drugs is essential to solving the resistance problem.13. globalo<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Relating to the whole world.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: On a global level, the investment in new drug development is sadly not enough.14. investmento<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The act of putting money, time, or effort into something to get benefits later.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Enough investment in new drug research can help us stay ahead of bacteria resistance.15. subscriptiono<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: An arrangement to pay money regularly to get a product or service.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The UK is testing a model where hospitals buy an antibiotic subscription for their needs.16. incentiveo<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Something that encourages people to do a particular thing.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Governments are looking for incentives to encourage companies to develop new drugs.17. serendipitouso<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Happening by lucky chance, often when you are not looking for it.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The world is full of serendipitous inventions that have changed people’s lives greatly.18. transfero<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: To move something from one place or thing to another.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Drug-resistant bacteria can transfer from animals to humans through the food chain.19. procedureo<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A series of steps followed in order to do something, especially in medicine or science.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Many common medical procedures rely on certain drugs to prevent dangerous infections.20. abuseo<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The use of something in a way that is wrong or harmful.o<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-weight: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The abuse of antibiotics in the early days led to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria.

2026-02-09 困难

Scientists are actually building elevators to space

Vocabulary1. payloado Definition: The people or things a vehicle like a rocket carries to a specific place.o Sentence: The space elevator can transport small astronaut and equipment payload into space safely.2. orbito Definition: The curved path an object follows around another object in space.o Sentence: Sending one kilogram of cargo into orbit by rocket costs about 7500 US dollars.3. centrifugalo Definition: Relating to the force that makes things move away from a spinning center.o Sentence: Centrifugal force keeps the rope and rock high and horizontal on a spinning carousel.4. inertiao Definition: The tendency of an object to keep moving or stay still without external force.o Sentence: You can feel the inertia acceleration when holding a spinning rope with a heavy rock.5. counterweighto Definition: A heavy object used to balance another heavy object in a system.o Sentence: The space elevator needs a heavy counterweight far in space to work properly.6. tethero Definition: A strong rope or chain used to tie something to a fixed position.o Sentence: The tether of the space elevator is released through the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface.7. equatoro Definition: An imaginary line around the middle of the Earth, equally far from the North and South Poles.o Sentence: The space elevator’s anchor should be built close to the equator for maximum efficiency.8. debriso Definition: Small broken pieces of something that has been destroyed or damaged.o Sentence: The mobile base can move to avoid dangerous space debris and passing satellites.9. climbero Definition: A special device that moves up the cable of a space elevator to carry cargo.o Sentence: The climber loads goods on the ground and pulls them along the cable into orbit.10. geostationaryo Definition: Staying in the same position in the sky relative to the spinning Earth.o Sentence: The counterweight is placed in the geostationary area over 36000 kilometers above Earth.11. shieldingo Definition: A material or structure that protects something from harm or danger.o Sentence: Proper radiation shielding is needed for humans to ride the space elevator to space.12. catastrophico Definition: Causing extremely great damage, loss or disaster.o Sentence: A broken cable would lead to a catastrophic accident for the whole space elevator.13. tensiono Definition: The state of being stretched tight; the pulling force on an object.o Sentence: The cable must stand huge tension from the counterweight and Earth’s gravity.14. nanotubeo Definition: An extremely thin and strong tube made of carbon atoms for high-tech products.o Sentence: Carbon nanotube is the most ideal material for making the space elevator’s cable.15. nanowireo Definition: A super thin wire, usually only a few atoms wide, for new technology.o Sentence: Diamond nanowire is light and strong enough for the space elevator’s cable.16. asteroido Definition: A large rock that moves around the sun, smaller than a planet or moon.o Sentence: We can capture a small asteroid to act as the counterweight of the space elevator.17. stationaryo Definition: Not moving or changing position; staying in one place.o Sentence: Geostationary objects look stationary in the sky because they spin with the Earth.18. maneuvero Definition: To move or turn in a careful and controlled way to avoid danger.o Sentence: The mobile ocean base can maneuver freely to escape extreme weather and space risks.19. elevateo Definition: To lift something up to a higher position in a slow and careful way.o Sentence: The space elevator can elevate goods and humans from Earth to orbit safely and cheaply.20. anchoro Definition: A heavy object or fixed place that holds something firmly in position.o Sentence: The ocean anchor connects the space elevator’s cable firmly to the Earth’s surface.

2026-02-09 困难

英文

考试列表 222

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How does food affect your brain?

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These animals are also plants.

Scientists are actually building elevators to space