英文 - 考试分类 - 正風學習中心

How much do the British love coffee?

Vocabulary1. Coffee culture /ˈkɒfi ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ - 咖啡文化（名詞短語），搭配：British coffee culture（英國咖啡文化），例句：Coffee culture has become an important part of British daily life. 2. Obsessed /əbˈsesd/ - 沉迷的；執迷的（形容詞），搭配：be obsessed with coffee（沉迷於咖啡），名詞：obsession（迷戀） 3. Brew /bruː/ - 沖泡；釀造（動詞/名詞），動詞用法：brew a cup of coffee（沖一杯咖啡）；名詞搭配：fresh brew（新鮮沖泡的咖啡） 4. Café /kæˈfeɪ/ - 咖啡館（名詞），搭配：a neighborhood café（街區咖啡館），注意與"coffee shop"（美式咖啡館）語境區分 5. Consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ - 消費；消耗（名詞），搭配：coffee consumption（咖啡消費量），動詞：consume（消費） 6. Addiction /əˈdɪkʃn/ - 上癮；沉迷（名詞），搭配：coffee addiction（咖啡上癮），形容詞：addictive（令人上癮的） 7. Aroma /əˈrəʊmə/ - 香氣；芬芳（名詞），搭配：the aroma of coffee（咖啡的香氣），近義詞：scent 8. Barista /bəˈrɪstə/ - 咖啡師（名詞），搭配：a skilled barista（熟練的咖啡師） 9. Preference /ˈprefrəns/ - 偏好；偏愛（名詞），搭配：personal coffee preference（個人咖啡偏好），例句：Many Britons have a preference for flat white. 10. Daily ritual /ˈdeɪli ˈrɪtʃuəl/ - 日常慣例（名詞短語），搭配：morning coffee ritual（早晨喝咖啡的慣例）

2026-02-10 困难

The benefits of lying flat! | Can laziness have life goals?

Vocabulary 1. Lie flat /laɪ flæt/ - 躺平（動詞短語），對應“低慾望、減少競爭的生活態度”，例句：Some young people choose to lie flat to escape intense social competition. 2. Laziness /ˈleɪzinəs/ - 懶惰；懶散（名詞），形容詞：lazy，搭配：accuse sb of laziness（指責某人懶惰） 3. Ambition /æmˈbɪʃn/ - 抱負；野心（名詞），搭配：achieve one's ambition（實現抱負），形容詞：ambitious（有抱負的） 4. Burnout /ˈbɜːnaʊt/ - 職業倦怠；身心耗竭（名詞），搭配：work burnout（工作倦怠），例句：Long-term overwork leads to burnout. 5. Moderation /ˌmɒdəˈreɪʃn/ - 適度；節制（名詞），搭配：in moderation（適度地），形容詞：moderate（適度的） 6. Recharge /ˌriːˈtʃɑːdʒ/ - 充電；恢復精力（動詞），搭配：recharge one's batteries（恢復精力），例句：Taking a break helps recharge mentally. 7. Productivity /ˌprəʊdʌkˈtɪvəti/ - 生產力；效率（名詞），形容詞：productive（高效的），搭配：improve productivity（提高效率） 8. Strive /straɪv/ - 努力；力爭（動詞），搭配：strive for success（爭取成功），過去式/過去分詞：strove/striven 9. Mindset /ˈmaɪndset/ - 心態；思維模式（名詞），搭配：change one's mindset（改變心態），例句：A "lie flat" mindset reflects young people's attitude towards life. 10. Fulfillment /fʊlˈfɪlmənt/ - 成就感；滿足感（名詞），搭配：sense of fulfillment（成就感），動詞：fulfill（實現；滿足）

2026-02-10 困难

Would you implant a chip into your own body?

Vocabulary1. Microchip /ˈmaɪkrəʊtʃɪp/ - 微晶片；微型晶片（名詞），搭配：implant a microchip（植入微晶片），例句：Some people choose to implant a microchip in their bodies for convenience. 2. Implant /ɪmˈplɑːnt/ - 植入；嵌入（動詞），名詞形式：implant（植入物），搭配：implant technology（植入技術），例句：Doctors implanted the chip under his skin. 3. Biometric /ˌbaɪəʊˈmetrɪk/ - 生物識別的（形容詞），搭配：biometric data（生物識別數據）、biometric authentication（生物識別驗證） 4. Convenience /kənˈviːniəns/ - 便利；方便（名詞），形容詞：convenient，搭配：for the sake of convenience（為了方便起見） 5. Privacy /ˈprɪvəsi/ - 隱私；私密權（名詞），搭配：invade privacy（侵犯隱私）、protect privacy（保護隱私） 6. Ethical /ˈeθɪkl/ - 倫理的；道德的（形容詞），名詞：ethics，搭配：ethical concern（倫理顧慮），例句：The microchip implant raises many ethical questions. 7. Security /sɪˈkjʊərəti/ - 安全；保障（名詞），形容詞：secure，搭配：enhance security（提升安全性）、security risk（安全風險） 8. Controversial /ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃl/ - 有爭議的（形容詞），搭配：controversial practice（有爭議的做法），例句：Chip implantation is a controversial topic in society. 9. Access /ˈækses/ - 進入；使用權（名詞/動詞），名詞搭配：gain access to（獲得使用權）；動詞用法：The chip allows access to personal data. 10. Risk /rɪsk/ - 風險；危險（名詞/動詞），名詞搭配：take risks（冒險）；動詞用法：risk doing sth（冒……的風險），例句：Implanting chips may risk health problems.

2026-02-10 困难

Are you afraid of speaking English?

Vocabulary1. Anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/ - 焦慮；不安（名詞），搭配：language anxiety（語言焦慮），例句：Many learners suffer from English speaking anxiety. 2. Fluency /ˈfluːənsi/ - 流暢度；熟練度（名詞），形容詞：fluent，搭配：achieve fluency in English（達到英語流暢度） 3. Confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ - 自信（名詞），形容詞：confident，搭配：build up confidence（建立自信） 4. Hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt/ - 遲疑；猶豫（動詞），搭配：hesitate to speak（遲於開口），名詞：hesitation 5. Pronunciation /prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn/ - 發音（名詞），搭配：improve pronunciation（改善發音） 6. Embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ - 尷尬的；難為情的（形容詞），搭配：feel embarrassed about making mistakes（因犯錯感到尷尬） 7. Practice /ˈpræktɪs/ - 練習（名詞/動詞），動詞用法（美式）：practice speaking（練習口語）；名詞搭配：daily practice（日常練習） 8. Mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ - 錯誤（名詞），搭配：make a mistake（犯錯），區分：mistake（偶然錯誤）vs error（系統性錯誤） 9. Communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ - 溝通；交流（動詞），名詞：communication，搭配：communicate effectively（有效溝通） 10. Overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ - 克服；戰勝（動詞），搭配：overcome fears（戰勝恐懼），過去式/過去分詞：overcame/overcome

2026-02-10 困难

How is a heart transplant surgery performed?

Vocabulary1. transplanto Definition: To move an organ from one person's body to another's for medical treatment.o Sentence: Doctors transplant a healthy heart into the patient with a severely damaged one to save their life.2. immuneo Definition: Relating to the body's system that protects it from foreign substances and diseases.o Sentence: The immune system will attack the transplanted heart if the donor and recipient are not well-matched.3. antigeno Definition: A substance that causes the immune system to produce antibodies against it.o Sentence: Doctors need to match donors and recipients with similar antigen to reduce the risk of rejection.4. donoro Definition: A person who gives an organ, blood, or tissue to be used in another person's body for medical purposes.o Sentence: The donor of the heart is usually a patient who has no chance of being resuscitated but has a healthy heart.5. recipiento Definition: A person who receives an organ, blood, or tissue from a donor for medical treatment.o Sentence: The recipient of the heart transplant must be in good enough health to undergo the difficult surgery.6. resuscitateo Definition: To make a person conscious again after they have stopped breathing or their heart has stopped beating.o Sentence: Medical workers tried their best to resuscitate the accident victim, but unfortunately, they failed.7. anesthesiao Definition: A state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical purposes.o Sentence: The anesthesia will make the recipient unconscious during the whole heart transplant surgery.8. incisiono Definition: A cut made in the body during a surgical operation.o Sentence: The surgeon makes a long incision down the chest to expose the patient's damaged heart.9. sternumo Definition: The long, flat bone in the middle of the chest that connects the ribs.o Sentence: The surgeon has to cut the sternum and separate the rib cage to get to the heart in a transplant.10. circulatoryo Definition: Relating to the movement of blood through the body's blood vessels and heart.o Sentence: The heart is the core organ of the circulatory system that pumps blood to the whole body.11. sutureo Definition: To sew the edges of a wound or surgical cut together; the thread used for this.o Sentence: The surgeon will carefully suture the blood vessels of the donor heart to the recipient's body to avoid leaks.12. arteryo Definition: A large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to all parts of the body.o Sentence: Every artery of the donor heart must be connected precisely to the recipient's circulatory system.13. aortao Definition: The main and largest artery in the human body, carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.o Sentence: After the transplant, blood is allowed to flow into the aorta when the bypass machine is turned off.14. rejectiono Definition: The process by which the immune system attacks and tries to destroy a transplanted organ.o Sentence: Immunosuppressive drugs can help lower the risk of rejection of the transplanted heart.15. immunosuppressiveo Definition: Relating to a drug or treatment that weakens the body's immune system.o Sentence: The patient has to take immunosuppressive drugs every day after the heart transplant surgery.16. vitalo Definition: Absolutely necessary for the existence, success, or operation of something; essential to life.o Sentence: The heart is a vital organ, and its normal work is crucial for human survival.17. impairmento Definition: The state of being damaged or weakened; a loss or limitation of physical or mental function.o Sentence: Severe heart impairment leaves the patient with no other option but to receive a transplant.18. extracorporealo Definition: Occurring or situated outside the body.o Sentence: An extracorporeal circulation machine takes over the heart's work during the transplant surgery.19. preserveo Definition: To keep something in its original state or in good condition; to prevent it from being damaged.o Sentence: The donor heart is placed in cold saline solution to preserve it during transportation.20. bio-printingo Definition: A new medical technology that uses 3D printing to create living tissues or organs from biological materials.o Sentence: Bio-printing may become a new solution for people who cannot find a suitable heart donor in the future.

2026-02-09 困难

Moral dilemma: Would you lie?

Vocabulary1. dilemma·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, especially ones that are equally undesirable.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: She faced a moral dilemma about whether to lie to protect her friend or tell the truth and risk hurting the relationship.2. punctuality·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The fact or quality of being on time.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Punctuality is considered a basic social courtesy in most cultures around the world.3. oppression·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The exercise of authority or power in a cruel or unjust way; the state of being subject to unjust treatment.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: She viewed strict rules about time as a form of oppression from the old days that no longer made sense.4. relic·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: An object from the past that has survived, or a custom or belief that has continued from an earlier time but is no longer common.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: He thought the strict emphasis on being on time was just a relic of a bygone era with different social norms.5. absolutist·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A person who holds or supports absolute principles in political, philosophical, or religious matters.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: An absolutist believes that lying is always wrong, no matter what the circumstances are.6. utilitarian·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Relating to the belief that the right course of action is the one that produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: A utilitarian would judge the morality of a lie by how much happiness or harm it causes overall.7. philosopher·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A person who studies or writes about philosophy, the study of the nature of existence, truth, and knowledge.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The famous philosopher Immanuel Kant had a strict view on the morality of telling lies.8. overall·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Taking everything into account; in general.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Overall, the small lie might bring more happiness to everyone involved in the new relationship.9. objectionable·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Causing or likely to cause a feeling of dislike or opposition; offensive.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Even when it brings happiness, lying still feels objectionable to most people in their hearts.10. paternalism·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The practice of people in authority restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those subordinate to them in the subordinates' supposed best interest.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Lying to Carrie to control her behavior is an example of paternalism toward a peer.11. interfere·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: To involve oneself in a situation without being asked or wanted, and thus disturb or hinder it.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: It is not polite to interfere in other people's choices, even if you think you are helping them.12. autonomy·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The right or condition of self-government; the ability to make your own decisions without being controlled by anyone else.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Lying to Carrie shows a lack of respect for her autonomy to handle her own social life.13. manufacture·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: To create or produce something, especially something false or artificial.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: You would manufacture a false impression of Carrie's punctuality for Emerson by telling the lie.14. impression·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: An idea, feeling, or opinion about someone or something, especially one formed without conscious thought or on the basis of little evidence.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The lie would create a wrong impression that Carrie is a person who always keeps time.15. weigh·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: To consider the relative importance of different factors when making a decision.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: You need to weigh the potential happiness of the new relationship against the disrespect of lying to your friends.16. core·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: The central or most important part of something.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Respecting others is the core of moral behavior according to Kant's philosophical views.17. resolve·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: To find a solution to a problem or difficulty.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Some philosophers believe moral conflicts can only be resolved by considering each specific case in detail.18. case·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: A particular instance or example of a situation or condition.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: The choice about lying to Carrie is a unique case that needs careful moral consideration.19. subordinate·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition (adjective): Lower in rank or position.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Paternalism is more acceptable when dealing with children, not with adult subordinate colleagues or peers.20. distress·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Definition: Great pain, anxiety, or sorrow; extreme physical or mental suffering.·<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-variant-alternates: normal;font-size-adjust: none;font-kerning: auto;font-optical-sizing: auto;font-feature-settings: normal;font-variation-settings: normal;font-variant-position: normal;font-variant-emoji: normal;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;line-height: normal;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Sentence: Most lies will eventually cause distress when the truth is discovered by the people who were deceived.

2026-02-09 困难

Hagfish: The stickiest creature in the world

Vocabulary1. hagfisho Definition: An eel-shaped marine fish that produces large amounts of slime as a defense mechanism, having a primitive jawless structure.o Sentence: The hagfish is famous for releasing sticky slime to escape from predators like sharks in the ocean.2. slimeo Definition: A thick, slippery, sticky substance produced by some animals or plants, often used for protection or movement.o Sentence: When threatened, the hagfish secretes massive slime that can block the gills of its attackers.3. mucuso Definition: A slimy substance produced by the mucous membranes of animals, which lubricates body parts or acts as a protective barrier; the main component of hagfish slime.o Sentence: The mucus cells in the hagfish’s body are the primary source of the sticky material in its slime.4. glando Definition: An organ in an animal or plant that produces and releases a particular substance for use in the body or for secretion outside it.o Sentence: Around one hundred gland structures on the hagfish’s body are responsible for generating its unique slime.5. fibero Definition: A thin, thread-like structure of protein or other substances, that forms part of a material or tissue, giving it strength and flexibility.o Sentence: The hagfish’s slime contains ultra-fine protein fiber that makes the slime tough and hard to remove.6. cartilageo Definition: A strong, flexible connective tissue found in the bodies of vertebrates, supporting structures instead of bone (e.g., in hagfish and sharks).o Sentence: Unlike most fish, the hagfish has no bones and its body is supported only by soft cartilage.7. predatoro Definition: An animal that naturally hunts, kills, and eats other animals for food.o Sentence: Sharks are the main predator of hagfish in the deep sea, but they often fail to catch them due to the slime.8. suffocateo Definition: To die or make someone/something die because of a lack of air to breathe; to choke.o Sentence: The thick slime from the hagfish can make sharks suffocate by blocking their gills and preventing them from breathing.9. leverageo Definition: The mechanical advantage or power gained by using a tool or a particular position; the force used to pull or lift something.o Sentence: The hagfish ties itself into a knot to gain leverage and tear off pieces of meat from dead fish bodies.10. sustainableo Definition: Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level without causing damage to the environment or using up natural resources.o Sentence: Scientists aim to create sustainable materials by copying the structure of hagfish slime instead of using oil-based fibers.11. synthetico Definition: Made by chemical synthesis instead of being produced naturally; artificial.o Sentence: Researchers are developing synthetic fibers that replicate the strength and flexibility of hagfish slime fibers.12. marineo Definition: Relating to the sea or the animals and plants that live in the sea.o Sentence: The hagfish is a unique marine creature that has survived in the ocean for over 300 million years.13. extinctiono Definition: The state or process of a species, family, or group of animals/plants ceasing to exist.o Sentence: The hagfish has survived multiple mass extinction events, including the one that killed the dinosaurs.14. nutriento Definition: A substance that plants, animals, and humans need to live and grow, such as protein, vitamin, or mineral.o Sentence: Hagfish help cycle nutrient in the deep sea by feeding on dead marine animals and breaking them down.15. tissueo Definition: A group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function in a living organism.o Sentence: The slime tissue of the hagfish contains two special types of cells: mucus cells and thread cells.16. contracto Definition: To become smaller or tighter; to make a muscle or part of the body become shorter and firmer.o Sentence: The hagfish contracts the muscles around its slime glands to spray slime into the seawater when in danger.17. expando Definition: To become larger in size, volume, or amount; to make something larger.o Sentence: The protein fibers in hagfish slime expand to ten thousand times their original size when they touch seawater.18. elusiveo Definition: Difficult to find, catch, or understand; hard to track or identify.o Sentence: Like the horseshoe crab, the hagfish is somewhat elusive and scientists still have much to learn about its behavior.19. vertebrateo Definition: An animal that has a backbone or spinal column, including mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians (hagfish is a primitive vertebrate).o Sentence: The hagfish is one of the oldest living vertebrate species and has a very simple body structure compared to other fish.20. deployo Definition: To use or bring into action a particular resource, strategy, or weapon for a specific purpose.o Sentence: The military is studying how to deploy a non-lethal weapon based on hagfish slime to stop enemy ships.

2026-02-09 困难

The four major threats to human survival

Vocabulary1. nuclearo Definition: Relating to the nucleus of an atom, or the energy produced by splitting atomic nuclei.o Sentence: The world has been facing the threat of nuclear war since the invention of atomic bombs.2. extinctiono Definition: The state or process of a species, family, or group being destroyed or dying out completely.o Sentence: Human activities have raised the extinction risk of many living creatures on the earth.3. irreversibleo Definition: Impossible to change, reverse, or restore to its original state.o Sentence: The irreversible collapse of human civilization is one of the biggest survival risks we face.4. asteroido Definition: A small rocky body orbiting the sun, typically found between Mars and Jupiter.o Sentence: An asteroid strike is a natural disaster that may cause massive casualties on the earth.5. volcanoo Definition: A mountain or hill with a crater through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are erupted from the earth's crust.o Sentence: A super volcano eruption can bring huge damage to the global ecological environment.6. estimateo Definition: To calculate or judge the approximate value, number, or extent of something.o Sentence: Experts estimate that the natural extinction risk for humans is about one in ten thousand per century.7. baselineo Definition: A starting point or basic level against which something can be measured or compared.o Sentence: Nuclear weapons are the first addition to the natural baseline of human survival risks.8. smokeo Definition: A cloud of fine solid or liquid particles produced by burning fuel, wood, or other materials.o Sentence: The smoke from burning cities will block the sunlight for years and cause a nuclear winter.9. cropo Definition: A plant that is grown in large quantities for food or other commercial purposes.o Sentence: The nuclear winter will lead to poor crop yields that humans depend on for survival.10. climateo Definition: The average weather conditions in a particular region over a long period of time.o Sentence: Climate change may lead to many terrible situations that we need to avoid.11. catastropheo Definition: An event causing great and often sudden damage or suffering; a disaster.o Sentence: A ten-degree global warming may cause an unprecedented catastrophe for human society.12. biotechnologyo Definition: The use of living organisms or biological systems to create or develop useful products and technologies.o Sentence: Modern biotechnology allows humans to modify and create bacteria with stronger lethality.13. bacteriumo Definition: A microscopic single-celled organism that can exist independently, symbiotically, or parasitically (plural: bacteria).o Sentence: The artificially modified bacterium may spread rapidly and cause a global pandemic.14. lethalo Definition: Capable of causing death; extremely dangerous or harmful.o Sentence: Some lab-created viruses are far more lethal than those that occur naturally.15. genomeo Definition: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.o Sentence: The falling cost of genome sequencing makes it easier for people to obtain genetic information of dangerous viruses.16. modifyo Definition: To make partial changes to something in order to improve it or make it suitable for a particular purpose.o Sentence: Scientists can modify the genetic structure of viruses to change their biological characteristics.17. superintelligenceo Definition: An artificial intelligence that surpasses human intellectual ability in all relevant aspects.o Sentence: Uncontrolled superintelligence may become a huge survival risk for human beings in the future.18. potentialo Definition: Having or showing the capacity to develop into something in the future; possible.o Sentence: Human beings have great potential to reduce survival risks if we take unified action.19. assesso Definition: To evaluate or judge the nature, ability, or quality of something or someone.o Sentence: It is very difficult to assess the exact probability of various human survival risks.20. artificialo Definition: Made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally; man-made.o Sentence: Artificial survival risks caused by human activities are more than 100 times higher than natural risks.

2026-02-09 困难

The history of the development of Spanish

Vocabulary1.  Iberiano Definition: Relating to the Iberian Peninsula, which includes Spain and Portugal.o Sentence: The Iberian Peninsula has a rich history of language and cultural fusion for thousands of years. 2.  vulgaro Definition: Used to describe the ordinary, spoken form of a language that is not the formal literary version.o Sentence: Vulgar Latin, the daily spoken language of Romans, evolved into many Romance languages over time. 3.  syntaxo Definition: The set of rules for arranging words into phrases and sentences in a language.o Sentence: Spanish syntax shares many similarities with Latin, especially in verb and noun placement. 4.  conjugationo Definition: The variation of the form of a verb to show tense, person, number, mood, or voice.o Sentence: The conjugation of Spanish verbs follows a regular pattern just like that of other Romance languages. 5.  Romanceo Definition: Relating to the languages that developed from Latin, such as Spanish, French, and Italian.o Sentence: Spanish is one of the most widely spoken Romance languages in the world today. 6.  indigenouso Definition: Native to a particular region or people who have lived in a place since ancient times.o Sentence: Indigenous languages of the Americas greatly influenced the vocabulary of modern Spanish. 7.  imprinto Definition: A lasting effect or influence that something has on a person or thing.o Sentence: Arabic culture left a deep imprint on the vocabulary and pronunciation of Spanish. 8.  consolidateo Definition: To make a position of power, success, or wealth stronger and more certain.o Sentence: The Catholic Church tried to consolidate its power across the Iberian Peninsula in the 15th century. 9.  mergeo Definition: To combine or unite two or more things into a single one.o Sentence: The Spanish monarchs worked to merge different regional kingdoms into a single unified country. 10.  indigenouso Definition: Native to a particular place or people who have lived there from the earliest times (reinforced for frequency, distinct context).o Sentence: Indigenous peoples of the Americas had over 2000 distinct languages before the Spanish conquest. 11.  adopto Definition: To start using or doing something new, especially because it is useful or popular.o Sentence: Many native people were forced to adopt Spanish as their daily language during the conquest. 12.  incorporateo Definition: To include something as part of a larger whole.o Sentence: Spanish has incorporated thousands of words from Native American languages over the centuries. 13.  supersedeo Definition: To replace something, especially something older or less effective, with something new.o Sentence: Some Native American words even supersede original Spanish words in the modern language. 14.  sovereigno Definition: Having full political power and independence as a nation or state.o Sentence: After the 19th century, many sovereign countries emerged in Central and South America. 15.  oppressoro Definition: A person or group that uses power or authority in a cruel or unfair way to control others.o Sentence: Surprisingly, many new nations continued to speak the language of their former oppressors. 16.  predominateo Definition: To be the most common or important feature of something, or to have the most power.o Sentence: Spanish continues to predominate as the official language in most Latin American countries. 17.  fragmento Definition: To break or divide something into small parts, or to become broken into parts.o Sentence: It is surprising that Spanish did not fragment into multiple new languages like Vulgar Latin did. 18.  syntacticallyo Definition: Relating to the syntax of a language; in a way that follows the rules of sentence structure.o Sentence: Although regional dialects exist, Spanish remains syntactically unified across the world. 19.  linguistico Definition: Relating to language or the scientific study of language.o Sentence: The linguistic unity of Spanish is rare for a language with over 400 million speakers. 20.  communityo Definition: A group of people who share the same language, culture, or interests, living in a particular area or worldwide.o Sentence: TED-Ed aims to share educational content with the global Spanish-speaking community.

2026-02-09 困难

How does fitness increase your muscles?

Vocabulary1.  neurono Definition: A specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses in the nervous system.o Sentence: The brain sends signals to the muscles through motor neuron in the arm.2.  contracto Definition: To become shorter or tighter, especially of a muscle in the body.o Sentence: When the motor neuron fires, the muscle will contract and relax to generate movement.3.  tensiono Definition: The state of being stretched tight; the physical strain on a muscle or tissue.o Sentence: Your arm muscles can't produce enough tension to pull open the solid iron door alone.4.  fiberso Definition: Thin, thread-like structures that form the basic structural unit of muscle tissue.o Sentence: Exercising under pressure will cause tiny damage to your muscle fibers.5.  cytokineo Definition: A type of protein that is released by cells to trigger immune and inflammatory responses.o Sentence: Damaged muscle cells release cytokine to activate the body's immune system for repair.6.  inflammatoryo Definition: Relating to inflammation, a local response of the body to injury or infection.o Sentence: Inflammatory molecules play a key role in the repair of damaged muscle tissue.7.  immuneo Definition: Relating to the body's system that protects it from disease and infection.o Sentence: The immune system will start working immediately to repair the damaged muscle fibers.8.  hypertrophyo Definition: The increase in size of an organ or tissue, especially muscle growth from exercise.o Sentence: To build new muscle, we need to trigger the process of muscle hypertrophy.9.  atrophyo Definition: The decrease in size or wasting away of an organ or tissue, especially muscle from inactivity.o Sentence: Without regular resistance exercise, your muscles will undergo atrophy and shrink gradually.10.  contractiono Definition: The process of a muscle becoming shorter and tighter to create movement.o Sentence: Eccentric contraction when muscles stretch is effective for muscle growth.11.  connectiveo Definition: Relating to tissue that supports, connects or separates different body tissues.o Sentence: Muscles work together with connective tissue to hold the body together and support movement.12.  tissueo Definition: A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function in the body.o Definition: The more damage to the muscle tissue, the more the body needs to repair itself.13.  hormoneo Definition: A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates bodily functions.o Sentence: Natural hormone like testosterone helps the body enter a state of tissue repair and growth.14.  insulino Definition: A hormone that regulates blood sugar levels and aids in nutrient absorption for muscle repair.o Sentence: Insulin works with other growth factors to promote the repair of damaged muscle fibers.15.  testosteroneo Definition: A male sex hormone that also stimulates muscle growth and protein synthesis.o Sentence: Testosterone is one of the key hormones that enhance the body's muscle-building potential.16.  synthesiso Definition: The process of combining simple substances into more complex ones, like muscle protein formation.o Sentence: Proper nutrition and rest boost protein synthesis which is essential for muscle growth.17.  resistanceo Definition: A force that opposes movement; the physical load applied to muscles during exercise.o Sentence: You need to expose your muscles to regular resistance to prevent atrophy and promote growth.18.  adapto Definition: To adjust or modify the body's structure or function in response to external stress (like exercise).o Sentence: Muscles adapt to increasing exercise demands by becoming bigger and stronger over time.19.  motoro Definition: Relating to movement or the nerves/muscles that control movement in the body.o Sentence: The brain sends signals to motor neurons which then activate the arm muscles for movement.20.  potentialo Definition: The ability to develop or achieve something, like the body's capacity for muscle growth.o Sentence: Genetic factors can affect a person's muscle-building potential and immune response to muscle damage.

2026-02-09 困难

英文

考试列表 222

How much do the British love coffee?

The benefits of lying flat! | Can laziness have life goals?

Would you implant a chip into your own body?

Are you afraid of speaking English?

How is a heart transplant surgery performed?

Moral dilemma: Would you lie?

Hagfish: The stickiest creature in the world

The four major threats to human survival

The history of the development of Spanish

How does fitness increase your muscles?